Module I
Matrices and Vector spaces: Rank of matrix, Echelon and normal form, Solutions of linear systems of algebraic equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Cayley- Hamilton theorem (no proof). Vector Spaces- Subspaces,-Linear Independence of vectors-Linear span-Dimension and Basis. Linear transformations.
Module II
Fourier series and Fourier integrals: Fourier series of Periodic functions-Euler formulae for Fourier coefficients- functions having period 2p- even and odd functions-half range expansions, Fourier integral, Fourier cosine and sine transformations, linearity property, transform of derivatives, convolution theorem (no proof).
Module III
Laplace transforms: Linearity property, transforms of elementary functions, Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals, differentiation and integration of transforms, convolution theorem (no proof), use of Laplace transforms in the solution of initial value problems, unit step function, impulse function - transform of step functions, transforms of periodic functions.
Module IV
Vector calculus: Scalar and Vector point functions-Gradient and directional derivative of a scalar point functions. Divergence and Curl of a vector point functions- their physical meanings. Evaluation of line integral, surface integral and volume integrals, Gauss’s divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem (No Proof of these theorem), conservative force fields, scalar potential.
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
302 - Electrical Technology
Module I
Transformers: working principle and elementary theory of an ideal transformer, Constructional features of single phase transformer, emf equation, turns ratio, vector diagram, equivalent circuit, impedance transformation, transformer losses, flux leakage, efficiency, open circuit and short circuit test, load test. Auto transformer - working principle and saving copper, basic idea of current transformer and potential transformer, distribution and power transformer, applications, standard rating, IS specifications.
Module II
Basic principles of electrical machines: Concepts of motoring and generating action.
DC machines- Main constructional features, principles of operation, types of generators, emf equation, characteristics, applications, armature reaction and commutation, types of motors, torque, speed, and power, characteristics, applications, starting losses, and efficiency, speed control, testing, load test of dc machines.
Module III
AC Machines: Alternator- rotating field, speed and frequency, effect of distribution of winding, coil span, characteristics, emf equation, losses and efficiency, regulation (emf method only), applications, synchronous motor- principle of operation, over excited and under excited, starting, applications, synchronous capacitor.
Induction Motor: Three phase induction motor, principles of operation, and constructional features of squirrel cage and slip ring motors, torque-slip characteristics, starting, speed control, losses and efficiency.
Single phase induction motor: Principle of operation, types of single phase induction motors
Module IV
Generation, transmission & distribution of electrical energy:
Different methods of power generation- thermal, hydro-electric, nuclear, diesel, gas turbine stations (general idea only), electrical equipments in power stations, concept of bus bar, load dispatching, methods of transmission,.transmission lines, overhead lines and insulators, corona and skin effect of DC & AC distribution, substation (elementary idea only).
Transformers: working principle and elementary theory of an ideal transformer, Constructional features of single phase transformer, emf equation, turns ratio, vector diagram, equivalent circuit, impedance transformation, transformer losses, flux leakage, efficiency, open circuit and short circuit test, load test. Auto transformer - working principle and saving copper, basic idea of current transformer and potential transformer, distribution and power transformer, applications, standard rating, IS specifications.
Module II
Basic principles of electrical machines: Concepts of motoring and generating action.
DC machines- Main constructional features, principles of operation, types of generators, emf equation, characteristics, applications, armature reaction and commutation, types of motors, torque, speed, and power, characteristics, applications, starting losses, and efficiency, speed control, testing, load test of dc machines.
Module III
AC Machines: Alternator- rotating field, speed and frequency, effect of distribution of winding, coil span, characteristics, emf equation, losses and efficiency, regulation (emf method only), applications, synchronous motor- principle of operation, over excited and under excited, starting, applications, synchronous capacitor.
Induction Motor: Three phase induction motor, principles of operation, and constructional features of squirrel cage and slip ring motors, torque-slip characteristics, starting, speed control, losses and efficiency.
Single phase induction motor: Principle of operation, types of single phase induction motors
Module IV
Generation, transmission & distribution of electrical energy:
Different methods of power generation- thermal, hydro-electric, nuclear, diesel, gas turbine stations (general idea only), electrical equipments in power stations, concept of bus bar, load dispatching, methods of transmission,.transmission lines, overhead lines and insulators, corona and skin effect of DC & AC distribution, substation (elementary idea only).
303 - Network Theory
Module I
Review of basic Circuit Concepts and theorems, Passive circuit components, Sources, Standard input signals; Source transformation, Mesh and Node analysis, Network equation for RLC Circuits
Graph of a Network, Trees, Co-trees and loops, Incidence matrix, Cut-set Matrix, Tie-set Matrix and loop currents, Analysis of Networks.
Module II
Characterization of two port networks using different parameters: Interconnections of two port Networks, T & p representation; Steady state and transient response, DC and sinusoidal response of RL, RC and RLC circuits, Initial conditions, Rise and decay of current, Time constant, Damping.
Laplace Transforms: Concept, Laplace transform of important Network functions; Transfer function of two port networks, poles and zeros; Application of Laplace Transforms – Solutions of Network Problems.
Module III
Passive filters – Filter fundamentals, Classification of Filters- Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass & Band Reject Filters. Characteristic impedance, Design of Constant K and m derived filters (all four)- T and pie (frequency response), Recursive filters- Butter worth, Chebyshev & Elliptical filters (Concept only).
Module IV
Transmission Lines: Types, Applications, Equivalent Circuit, Primary constants, Transmission Line equations, Input impedance, Secondary Constants, Lossless Line, Distortion less line, Loading of lines, Input impedance of lossless Transmission line, RF lines, Relation between Reflection Coefficient, Load, Characteristic impedances and VSWR, Lines of Different Length - l/8, l/4 and l/2 Lines, Losses in Transmission Lines, Smith Chart and applications, Impedance matching – Single stub& double stub properties.
Review of basic Circuit Concepts and theorems, Passive circuit components, Sources, Standard input signals; Source transformation, Mesh and Node analysis, Network equation for RLC Circuits
Graph of a Network, Trees, Co-trees and loops, Incidence matrix, Cut-set Matrix, Tie-set Matrix and loop currents, Analysis of Networks.
Module II
Characterization of two port networks using different parameters: Interconnections of two port Networks, T & p representation; Steady state and transient response, DC and sinusoidal response of RL, RC and RLC circuits, Initial conditions, Rise and decay of current, Time constant, Damping.
Laplace Transforms: Concept, Laplace transform of important Network functions; Transfer function of two port networks, poles and zeros; Application of Laplace Transforms – Solutions of Network Problems.
Module III
Passive filters – Filter fundamentals, Classification of Filters- Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass & Band Reject Filters. Characteristic impedance, Design of Constant K and m derived filters (all four)- T and pie (frequency response), Recursive filters- Butter worth, Chebyshev & Elliptical filters (Concept only).
Module IV
Transmission Lines: Types, Applications, Equivalent Circuit, Primary constants, Transmission Line equations, Input impedance, Secondary Constants, Lossless Line, Distortion less line, Loading of lines, Input impedance of lossless Transmission line, RF lines, Relation between Reflection Coefficient, Load, Characteristic impedances and VSWR, Lines of Different Length - l/8, l/4 and l/2 Lines, Losses in Transmission Lines, Smith Chart and applications, Impedance matching – Single stub& double stub properties.
304 - Digital Electronics
Module I
Number system and codes : Binary , Octal, and Hexadecimal number systems - Binary arithmetic, Binary coded Decimal , Excess - 3 code, Gray Code, Error detection and correction - Boolean algebra -Minimization of Boolean function using Karnaugh Map and Quine - McClusky methods – Formation of switching functions from word statements , realisation using NAND, NOR. Combinational circuits- multiplexer demultiplexer, decoder, encoder.
Module II
Sequential circuits: Flip-flops - RS, JK & T & D flip- flops, shift registers - counters -Asynchronous and synchronous counters, Up-Down counter, modulo counter, Ring counter, Johnson counter - sequence generators - state tables and diagrams.
Module III
Arithmetic circuits : Half adder, Full adder , Subtractor, Serial and parallel addition - Carry look ahead adder - Binary multiplication and division - Multivibrators - Monostable and astable multivibrators using discrete gates. Memories –ROM, RAM, EPROM.
Module IV
Logic families: DCTL, RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, CMOS - Tri-state logic - specification and transfer characteristics of basic TTL - Standard logic levels - Current and voltage parameters - fan in and fan out - Propagation delay, noise consideration- interfacing of CMOS to TTL and interfacing of TTL to CMOS.
Number system and codes : Binary , Octal, and Hexadecimal number systems - Binary arithmetic, Binary coded Decimal , Excess - 3 code, Gray Code, Error detection and correction - Boolean algebra -Minimization of Boolean function using Karnaugh Map and Quine - McClusky methods – Formation of switching functions from word statements , realisation using NAND, NOR. Combinational circuits- multiplexer demultiplexer, decoder, encoder.
Module II
Sequential circuits: Flip-flops - RS, JK & T & D flip- flops, shift registers - counters -Asynchronous and synchronous counters, Up-Down counter, modulo counter, Ring counter, Johnson counter - sequence generators - state tables and diagrams.
Module III
Arithmetic circuits : Half adder, Full adder , Subtractor, Serial and parallel addition - Carry look ahead adder - Binary multiplication and division - Multivibrators - Monostable and astable multivibrators using discrete gates. Memories –ROM, RAM, EPROM.
Module IV
Logic families: DCTL, RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, CMOS - Tri-state logic - specification and transfer characteristics of basic TTL - Standard logic levels - Current and voltage parameters - fan in and fan out - Propagation delay, noise consideration- interfacing of CMOS to TTL and interfacing of TTL to CMOS.
305 - Solid State Electronics
Module I
Band theory of solids - Conductors, semiconductors and insulators - energy band diagram. -Semi conductor materials and their properties: elemental semiconductors- the energy band model of semiconductors. Valance band model of semiconductor equilibrium concentration of electrons and holes- the fermi level and energy distribution of carriers inside the bands- temperature dependence of carrier concentration inside the bands - Carrier transport in semi conductors - drift of carriers in electric fields, carrier flow by diffusion - constancy of fermi level across junction, Excess carriers in semi conductors - injection of excess carriers - recombination of excess carriers - continuity equation - current flow equation..
Module II
PN junction- Abrupt PN junction - energy band diagram - barrier potential, biasing PN junction, excess carrier calculation - current components diffusion - drift - boundary conditions for long and short diodes - PN junction characteristics - calculation of diffusion – depletion layer capacitance - simple model - transient ac condition - principle of zener and avalanche diodes - Photodiodes, Tunnel diode, PIN diode & Varactor diode.
Module III
Bipolar junction transistors - NPN, PNP types, Basic structures - biasing - mechanism of carrier flow - current components in transistors boundary conditions in active region - solution for short base width - base width modulation - Transistor configurations - Characteristics - current amplification factors - relations between alpha & beta - comparison Ebbers - Moll model - - basic principles of phototransistors - UJT, characteristics.
Semiconductor heterojunctions - V-I characteristics - real heterojunctions - frequency limitation of transistor - transit time effect.
Module IV
Field effect transistors: JFET - basic structures - principle of operation - Characteristics and current equation, MOSFET - semiconductor surfaces - C - V characteristics - the Si - SiO2 System - basic structures and operating principles - current equation - V-I characteristics - simple model – CMOS- structure, operation.
Band theory of solids - Conductors, semiconductors and insulators - energy band diagram. -Semi conductor materials and their properties: elemental semiconductors- the energy band model of semiconductors. Valance band model of semiconductor equilibrium concentration of electrons and holes- the fermi level and energy distribution of carriers inside the bands- temperature dependence of carrier concentration inside the bands - Carrier transport in semi conductors - drift of carriers in electric fields, carrier flow by diffusion - constancy of fermi level across junction, Excess carriers in semi conductors - injection of excess carriers - recombination of excess carriers - continuity equation - current flow equation..
Module II
PN junction- Abrupt PN junction - energy band diagram - barrier potential, biasing PN junction, excess carrier calculation - current components diffusion - drift - boundary conditions for long and short diodes - PN junction characteristics - calculation of diffusion – depletion layer capacitance - simple model - transient ac condition - principle of zener and avalanche diodes - Photodiodes, Tunnel diode, PIN diode & Varactor diode.
Module III
Bipolar junction transistors - NPN, PNP types, Basic structures - biasing - mechanism of carrier flow - current components in transistors boundary conditions in active region - solution for short base width - base width modulation - Transistor configurations - Characteristics - current amplification factors - relations between alpha & beta - comparison Ebbers - Moll model - - basic principles of phototransistors - UJT, characteristics.
Semiconductor heterojunctions - V-I characteristics - real heterojunctions - frequency limitation of transistor - transit time effect.
Module IV
Field effect transistors: JFET - basic structures - principle of operation - Characteristics and current equation, MOSFET - semiconductor surfaces - C - V characteristics - the Si - SiO2 System - basic structures and operating principles - current equation - V-I characteristics - simple model – CMOS- structure, operation.
306 - Electronic Circuits I
Module I
DC power supplies - power transformers - rectification - half wave, full wave, bridge - expression for ripple factor, efficiency, comparison, diode ratings. Filters - capacitor - inductor LC filters- use of bleeder resistor - voltage multipliers - dual power supplies - simple voltage regulator. Series regulators - IC regulators.
Module II
BJT Amplifiers: Units of gain, CE amplifier- Biasing techniques - stabilization of operating point –compensation techniques- low frequency equivalent circuits - r-parameters, h-parameters Methods of coupling - D.C coupled amplifier - CE RC coupled amplifier - concept of load lines- loading effect at the input and output - emitter follower as Buffer stage- Darlington emitter follower-Boot strapping – High frequency equivalent circuit of CE amplifier-hybrid p model - frequency response of RC coupled amplifier - frequency analysis of R C coupled amplifier - lower cut-off frequency - upper cut-off frequency - 3 db bandwidth - Frequency response of DC coupled amplifier.
Module III
FET Amplifier: FET biasing- Low frequency equivalent circuit- RC coupled common source amplifier - expression for gain - frequency response - FET source follower- - FET as a voltage variable resistor –comparison of FET with BJT. CMOS biasing-Amplifier ckts, Multistage Amplifier.
Module IV
Pulse circuits: pulse characteristics - Pulse shaping using RC circuits - Differentiating and integrating circuits - clipping and clamping circuits using diodes and transistors - Transistor as a switch- sweep circuits - Transistor sweep circuits - voltage and current sweep - Miller sweep circuit - Bootstrap sweep circuit - UJT relaxation oscillator.
Multivibrators using transistors - astable - monostable and bistable operation.
DC power supplies - power transformers - rectification - half wave, full wave, bridge - expression for ripple factor, efficiency, comparison, diode ratings. Filters - capacitor - inductor LC filters- use of bleeder resistor - voltage multipliers - dual power supplies - simple voltage regulator. Series regulators - IC regulators.
Module II
BJT Amplifiers: Units of gain, CE amplifier- Biasing techniques - stabilization of operating point –compensation techniques- low frequency equivalent circuits - r-parameters, h-parameters Methods of coupling - D.C coupled amplifier - CE RC coupled amplifier - concept of load lines- loading effect at the input and output - emitter follower as Buffer stage- Darlington emitter follower-Boot strapping – High frequency equivalent circuit of CE amplifier-hybrid p model - frequency response of RC coupled amplifier - frequency analysis of R C coupled amplifier - lower cut-off frequency - upper cut-off frequency - 3 db bandwidth - Frequency response of DC coupled amplifier.
Module III
FET Amplifier: FET biasing- Low frequency equivalent circuit- RC coupled common source amplifier - expression for gain - frequency response - FET source follower- - FET as a voltage variable resistor –comparison of FET with BJT. CMOS biasing-Amplifier ckts, Multistage Amplifier.
Module IV
Pulse circuits: pulse characteristics - Pulse shaping using RC circuits - Differentiating and integrating circuits - clipping and clamping circuits using diodes and transistors - Transistor as a switch- sweep circuits - Transistor sweep circuits - voltage and current sweep - Miller sweep circuit - Bootstrap sweep circuit - UJT relaxation oscillator.
Multivibrators using transistors - astable - monostable and bistable operation.
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